{"id":10472,"date":"2022-10-12T12:45:54","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T19:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xh86.me\/?p=10472"},"modified":"2022-10-12T12:46:19","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T19:46:19","slug":"hcia%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xh86.me\/?p=10472","title":{"rendered":"HCIA\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Part1<\/span>\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u578b\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u6216\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e92\u8fde<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7f51\u4e0d\u53d7\u5730\u57df\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u628a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/span>

<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u7528\u6241\u5e73\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7f51\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6241\u5e73\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u7f3a\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5197\u4f59\u5907\u4efd\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6545\u969c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u963f\u9f99\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ec4\u7f51\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b\uff1f<\/strong>\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6241\u5e73\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u9700\u652f\u6301\u672a\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8425\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Part2<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28<\/span><\/h1>\n

1<\/span>1.\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u4e92\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4ecb\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u7ebf\u7f06\uff0c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\u7b49\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u8d28\u628a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e92\u8fde\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4e92\u76f8\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2<\/span>2.\u7f51\u7edc\u4ecb\u8d28<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4ecb\u8d28\u6709\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u548c\u5149\u7ea4<\/span><\/p>\n

3<\/span>3.\u51b2\u7a81\u57df<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u5982\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a10BASE5\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u6839\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u6765\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u4ecb\u8d28\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5171\u4eab\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\/\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\uff08Carrier Sense Multiple Access\/Collision Detection\uff09\u300210BASE5<\/strong>10\u4ee3\u8868\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a10Mbps\uff0cBASE\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e26\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5355\u6bb5\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u6bb5\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a500\u7c73\u7684\u7c97\u7f06\u3002
CSMA\/CD\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u963f\u9f99\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u68c0\u6d4b\u5171\u4eab\u7ebf\u8def\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u8def\u7a7a\u95f2\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0d\u7a7a\u95f2\uff0c\u5219\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08\u5ef6\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7531\u9000\u907f\u7b97\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u3002
2.\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
3.\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u6b8a\u963b\u585e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u51b2\u7a81\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ad9\u70b9\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u65e9\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
4.\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\uff08\u5ef6\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7531\u9000\u907f\u7b97\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

CSMA\/CD\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u7b80\u5355\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u5148\u542c\u540e\u53d1\uff0c\u8fb9\u53d1\u8fb9\u542c\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u505c\u53d1\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540e\u91cd\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

4<\/span>4.\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\uff1a\u5728\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08half-duplex mode\uff09\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb2\u673a\u662f\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\uff1a\u5728\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08full-duplex mode\uff09\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7535\u8bdd\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u548c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528CSMA\/CD\u673a\u5236\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c10BASE5\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528CSMA\/CD\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c10BASE-T\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002=\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u963f\u9f99\uff09<\/span>\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e24\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5<\/span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u57df\uff1f<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u51b2\u7a81\u57df\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5f53\u540c\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

6<\/span>CSMA\/CD\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/span><\/h2>\n

CSMA\/CD\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002
\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

Part3<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/h1>\n

7<\/span>1.\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u7c7b\u6709\u5c40\u57df\u7f51(LAN)\u548c\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51(WANA)\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u56ed\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u6709\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

8<\/span>2.\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5e26\u5bbd
\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf
\u4ee5bps\uff08bit per second\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u6bcf\u79d2\uff09\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u5ef6\u8fdf
\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u95f4
\u4ee5ms\uff08\u6beb\u79d2\uff09\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

9<\/span>3.\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5206\u5c42\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b \u6d41\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5355\u5316\uff1b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

10<\/span>TCP\/IP\u548cOSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n

11<\/span>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n

12<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u89e3\u5c01\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/h2>\n

TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u89e3\u5c01\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n

Part4<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/span><\/h1>\n

13<\/span>1.\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53ca\u5176\u5e38\u7528\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1a\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e0b\u4e09\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/figure>\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
    DNS<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    HTTP\u548cHTTPS<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    SMTP\u4e0ePOP3\/IMAP<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Telnet<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    FTP\u4e0eTFTP<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u67b6\u6784\u80cc\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\/S\u67b6\u6784\uff1aClient\/Server\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aQQ\u3001\u5fae\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\/S\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\uff1aBrowser\/Server\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\/\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9875\u6e38\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    14<\/span>2.DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/h2>\n

    DNS\uff1aDomain Name System\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf
    \u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
    1.\u5efa\u7acbIP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u57df\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    2.\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6b63\u5411\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u3002
    3.\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\uff08\u53cd\u5411\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u3002
    4.\u8d1f\u8d23DNS\u7684\u5c31\u662fDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002FQDN\uff1aFully Qualified Domain Name\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9650\u5b9a\u57df\u540d<\/strong>\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u6709\u57df\u540d\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u9650\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5b8c\u5168\u9650\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\uff1a
    www.baidu.com\u00a0\u00a0baike.baidu.com\u00a0\u00a0pan.baiu.com\u00a0\u00a0tieba.baidi.com\u00a0

    \u57df\u540d
    baidu.com

    \u4e3b\u673a\u540d
    www\u00a0baike\u00a0pan\u00a0tieba\u00a0

    .com\u662f\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u00a0baidu\u662f\u4e8c\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u53c8\u53eb\u6b21\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d
    <\/code><\/pre>\n
    DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/figure>\n
    \u4e0eDNS\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528exit\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51faDNS\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/figure>\n
    15<\/span>3.HTTP&HTTPS<\/span><\/h2>\n
    HTTP & HTTPS\uff1aHypertext Transfer Protocol\uff0c\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
    HTTP\uff1a<\/strong>\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8baeHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8f93\u5165URL\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6HTML\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/figure>\n
    HTTPS<\/strong>HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u622a\u53d6\u4e86Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u61c2\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f20\u8f93\u4e00\u4e9b\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u94f6\u884c\u5361\u53f7\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c42\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8baeHTTPS\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0cHTTPS\u5728HTTP\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4e86SSL\u534f\u8bae\uff0cSSL\u4f9d\u9760\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    TLS\u4e0eSSL\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/figure>\n
    16<\/span>4.SMTP&POP3&IMAP:\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/h2>\n
    SMTP\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6 POP3\uff1a\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u90ae\u4ef6 IMAP\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cPOP3\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u591a<\/span><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/figure>\n
    17<\/span>5.Telnet&SSH:\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u501f\u52a9\u7ec8\u7aef\u5de5\u5177\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\uff1aXshell\u3001PuTTY\u3001SecureCRT\u3001MobaXterm\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      18<\/span>6.FTP&TFTP:\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      Part5<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/span><\/h1>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      19<\/span>1.\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f0~65535\uff0c0\u52301024\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      20<\/span>2.\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      TCP\u4f1a\u8bdd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u963f\u9f99\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
      TCP\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      TCP\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      TCP\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u6ed1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      TCP\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5173\u95ed-\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      <\/div><\/figure>\n
      UDP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \n
        UDP\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u5c0f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n
        \u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u5ef6\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        TCP\u548cUDP\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        Part6<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/span><\/h1>\n
        \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        21<\/span>1.IP\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n
        IP\uff1aInternet Protocol\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff0cTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7c07\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        IPv4\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5206\u7247\u4e0e\u91cd\u7ec4\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6bd4\u94fe\u8defMTU\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        MTU\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\u7528\u6765\u901a\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u6240\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e00\u822c\u662f1500b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        <\/div><\/figure>\n
        22<\/span>2.TTL<\/span><\/h2>\n
        TTL\uff1aTime to Live\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u751f\u547d\u503c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u9632\u6b62IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u73af\u8def\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u8def\u7531TTL\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf 1<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u5f53 TTL=0 \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u8def\u7531\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff1a\u5229\u7528TTL\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8df3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6392\u9519\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u963f\u9f99\uff09<\/span>
          Tracert \u5148\u53d1\u9001 TTL \u4e3a 1 \u7684\u56de\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06 TTL \u9012\u589e 1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u54cd\u5e94\u6216 TTL \u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          tracert\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>tracert\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807IP\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9ICMP Timeout\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u8df3\u4e0a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u661f\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          23<\/span>3.\u534f\u8bae\u53f7<\/span><\/h2>\n
          \u534f\u8bae\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/span>
          <\/div><\/p>\n
          24<\/span>4.IP\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/h2>\n
          IP\u5730\u5740\uff1aIP Address\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002IP\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u50cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6765\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002
          IP\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u753132\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0832 bits\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u201d\u8868\u793a\u3002
          192.168.1.1\u524d\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002
          \u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\/\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868IP\u5730\u5740\u6240\u5c5e\u7f51\u7edc\/\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002
          \u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\/\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u80fd\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u3002
          <\/span>
          <\/div><\/p>\n
          IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec48\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cABC\u4e09\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          \u7279\u6b8a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u7279\u6b8a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/th>\n\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/th>\n\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u4efb\u610f\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n0.0.0.0<\/span><\/td>\n\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u201d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n255.255.255.255<\/span><\/td>\n\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53d1\u5f80\u8be5\u7f51\u6bb5\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n127.0.0.0\/8<\/span><\/td>\n\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n169.254.0.0\/16<\/span><\/td>\n\u5f53\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
          \u5404\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/strong>\u53ea\u6709ABC\u4e09\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          **\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/th>\n\u5907\u6ce8<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8eInternet\uff0c\u5411ISP\u4ed8\u8d39\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8eInternet \uff0c\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/span><\/td>\n\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95eeInternet\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u4e3aNAT<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
          \u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/th>\n\u8303\u56f4<\/span><\/th>\n\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          A\u7c7b<\/span><\/td>\n10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255<\/span><\/td>\n10.0.0.0\/8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          B\u7c7b<\/span><\/td>\n172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255<\/span><\/td>\n172.16.0.0\/12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u7c7b<\/span><\/td>\n192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255<\/span><\/td>\n192.168.0.0\/16<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
          \u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f51\u8f6c\u6362\u6280\u672f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e92\u8054\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f51\u6bb5\u201d
          \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u548c\u6700\u5927\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u4f8b\u5b50
          172.16.10.1\/16\u8fd9\u4e2aB\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u7528\u5730\u5740\u6570\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          25<\/span>5.\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206<\/span><\/h2>\n
          \u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9700\u6c42
          \u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6027
          \u8282\u7701IP\u5730\u5740
          \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53d8\u957f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff08VLSM\uff09
          \u64cd\u4f5c\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u5411\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u201c\u501f\u4f4d\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          \u67d0\u516c\u53f8\u5171\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u3001\u9500\u552e\u90e8\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u3001\u5ba2\u670d\u90e8\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 50\u53f0\u3002\u82e5\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740192.168.100.0\/24\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u5212\u52064\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u501f\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f\uff1a24+2=26\u4f4d
          \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
          \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a255.255.255.192<\/span><\/p>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u90e8\u95e8<\/th>\n\u7f51\u6bb5<\/th>\n\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/th>\n\u6709\u6548\u4e3b\u673a\u6570<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u751f\u4ea7\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.1~192.168.100.62<\/td>\n255.255.255.192<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u9500\u552e\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.65~192.168.100.126<\/td>\n255.255.255.192<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u8d22\u52a1\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.129~192.168.100.190<\/td>\n255.255.255.192<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u5ba2\u6237\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.193~192.168.100.254<\/td>\n255.255.255.192<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u90e8\u95e8<\/th>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7<\/th>\n\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u751f\u4ea7\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.0<\/td>\n192.168.100.63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u9500\u552e\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.64<\/td>\n192.168.100.127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u8d22\u52a1\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.128<\/td>\n192.168.100.191<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u5ba2\u6237\u90e8<\/td>\n192.168.100.192<\/td>\n192.168.100.255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
          26<\/span>6.ICMP<\/span><\/h2>\n
          ICMP\uff1aInternet Control Message Protocol\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u534f\u8bae
          \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u5404\u79cd\u5dee\u9519\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6392\u9664\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u6784**<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          ICMP\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>ICMP\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6545\u969c\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662fPING\u548ctracerooute\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          ICMP\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\u8bca\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002
          \u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u8bca\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def
          ICMP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u8def\u7531\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u7531\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a \u5411\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aICMP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u673a\u6539\u53d8\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a,\u4e3b\u673aA\u5e0c\u671b\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668A ,\u4e8e\u662f\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740\u5411\u7f51\u5173RTB\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u7f51\u5173RTB\u6536\u5230\u62a5\u6587\u540e,\u68c0\u67e5\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u62a5\u6587\u5e94\u8be5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e0e\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u8bbe\u5907RTA ,\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u8def\u5f84,\u6240\u4ee5RTB\u4f1a\u5411\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d88\u606f ,\u901a\u77e5\u4e3b\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173RTA\u53d1\u9001\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4e3b\u673a\u6536\u5230\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d88\u606f\u540e,\u4f1a\u5411RTA\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587,\u7136\u540eRTA\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u518d\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668A\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          Part7<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/span><\/h1>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          27<\/span>1.\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/h2>\n
          \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0cEthernet\uff1a\u5f53\u4eca\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7ec4\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          28<\/span>2.\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/h2>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong>\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5982\uff1a0x0800 \u4ee3\u8868 IPv4\uff0c0x86DD\u662fIPv6\u3002
          \u5e27\u6821\u9a8c\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9(\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5e27\u5185\u5bb9)\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684FCS\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684FCS (\u5305\u542b\u4e8e\u5e27\u4e2d)\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u89c6\u8be5\u5e27\u65e0\u6548\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e22\u5f03\u3002
          MAC\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e14\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u5e27\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u5168\u662fF
          \u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u7f51\u6bb5\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u5bfb\u5740\u627e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307 \u5bfc\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
          \u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307 \u5bfc\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
          MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong>\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff08NAT\u9664\u5916\uff09
          \u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          29<\/span>3.ARP\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n
          ARP\uff1aAddress Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          ARP\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.1\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a0A-11-22-33-44-01\uff1b\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.2\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a0A-11-22-33-44-02\uff1b
          \u5f53\u4e3b\u673aA\u8981\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673aB\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff08192.168.1.2\uff09\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong>
          \u7b2c1\u6b65\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u673aA\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cIP\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1IP\u5730\u5740\u662f192.168.1.2\u3002\u7136\u540eA\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5730ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684\u5339\u914dMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c2\u6b65\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5728ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8be2\u95ee192.168.1.2\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e27\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6e90\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u63a5\u6536\u5230ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u4e14\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e22\u5f03ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c3\u6b65\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aB\u786e\u5b9aARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u672c\u5730ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c4\u6b65\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aB\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684ARP\u56de\u590d\u6d88\u606f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4e3b\u673aA\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c5\u6b65\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u673aA\u6536\u5230\u4ece\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u6765\u7684ARP\u56de\u590d\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u672c\u673a\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5c31\u80fd\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u9001IP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          ARP\u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/div><\/figure>\n
          ARP \u62a5\u6587\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 28 \u5b57\u8282\uff0cMAC \u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 6 \u5b57\u8282\uff0cIP \u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n