{"id":4839,"date":"2021-12-07T22:04:10","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T06:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xh86.me\/?p=4839"},"modified":"2021-12-07T22:05:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T06:05:40","slug":"15%e5%bc%a0%e5%9b%be%ef%bc%8c%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%8btcp-ip%e5%bf%85%e7%9f%a5%e4%b9%9f%e5%bf%85%e4%bc%9a%e7%9a%8410%e4%b8%aa%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xh86.me\/?p=4839","title":{"rendered":"15\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0bTCP\/IP\u5fc5\u77e5\u4e5f\u5fc5\u4f1a\u768410\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u3001TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/h3>\n
TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6a21\u578b\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6784\u6210\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662fInternet\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6210\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u8868\u793aTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e0eOSI\u6a21\u578b\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/div><\/section>\n
TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u6b21\u7531\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u5305\u88c5\u3002\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709http\uff0cftp \u7b49\u7b49\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5219\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684TCP\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0cIP\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4e0aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e3a\u5f85\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884cCRC\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n
\u4e0a\u56fe\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e86TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800cTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5165\u6808\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c01\u88c5\u9996\u90e8\u4e0e\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u51fa\u6808\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u62c6\u9664\u9996\u90e8\u4e0e\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/div><\/section>\n
\u4e0a\u56fe\u4ee5HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d230\u30011\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u7535\u538b\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3001\u5149\u7684\u95ea\u706d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u6362\u3002\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c060\u30011\u5e8f\u5217\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4e34\u8fd1\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7MAC\u6765\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7684(MAC,\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/div><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u5e27: \u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u52a0\u5934\u548c\u5c3e\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u5e27,\u5e27\u5934\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93:\u96f6\u6bd4\u7279\u586b\u5145\u3001\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93: \u5728\u51fa\u9519\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u7ebf\u94fe\u8defWLAN\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b(CRC):\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u68c0\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef,\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u8be5\u5e27\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/span><\/h3>\n

    1\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h3>\n
    IP\u534f\u8bae\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684TCP\uff0cUDP\uff0cIMCP\uff0cIGMP\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4ee5IP\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cIP\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cIP\u534f\u8bae\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u672a\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1aTCP\u6216UDP\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    1.1 IP\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/h4>\n
    \u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7MAC\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5728IP\u5c42\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    32\u4f4dIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u548c\u5730\u5740\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u8def\u7531\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u6761\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    A\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740: 0.0.0.0~127.0.0.0
    B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740:128.0.0.1~191.255.0.0
    C\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740:192.168.0.0~239.255.255.0<\/span><\/section>\n

    1.2 IP\u534f\u8bae\u5934<\/span><\/h4>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd:\u516b\u4f4d\u7684TTL\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u89c4\u5b9a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7a7f\u8fc7\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u3002\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6bcf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684TTL\u6570\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c111\uff0c\u5f53\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684TTL\u6210\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u629b\u5f03\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f255\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u91cc\u9762\u7a7f\u884c255\u6b21\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f32\u6216\u8005\u662f64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    2\u3001ARP\u53caRARP\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h3>\n
    ARP \u662f\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    ARP\uff08\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5305\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ARP\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIP-MAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u8868\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684IP\uff0dMAC\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u534f\u8bae\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u6709\u5f85\u67e5\u8be2\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4efd\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u4f1a\u67e5\u8be2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684ARP\u5305\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001ARP\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u800c\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e3b\u673a\u62ff\u5230ARP\u5305\u540e\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653eIP-MAC\u5bf9\u5e94\u8868\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u65b0\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    RARP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    3\u3001ICMP\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h3>\n
    IP\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u9001\u8fbe\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662fICMP(\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587)\u534f\u8bae\u3002ICMP\u4e0d\u662f\u9ad8\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u662fIP\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5f53\u4f20\u9001IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7b49\u7b49\uff0cICMP\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u4f1a\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f20\u9001\u56de\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u5efa\u7acb\u5728IP\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u56db\u3001ping<\/span><\/h3>\n
    ping\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662fICMP\u7684\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5229\u7528\u201cping\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5224\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1aping\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002ping\u4f1a\u56de\u663e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    ping\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u6e90\u81ea\u58f0\u7eb3\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528ICMP\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u6765\u4fa6\u6d4b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u539f\u7406\u662f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7801\u4e3a0\u7684ICMP\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5219\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7801\u4e3a8\u7684ICMP\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u4e94\u3001Traceroute<\/span><\/h3>\n
    Traceroute\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4fa6\u6d4b\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u7ecf\u8def\u7531\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    Traceroute\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5b83\u6536\u5230\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7684IP\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aTTL=1\u7684UDP\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u628aTTL\u51cf1\uff0c\u800cTTL\u53d8\u4e3a0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u7ed9\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684ICMP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4e3b\u673a\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2aTTL=2\u7684UDP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7ed9\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u523a\u6fc0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1ICMP\u6570\u636e \u62a5\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5f80\u590d\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0ctraceroute\u5c31\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668IP\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n

    \u516d\u3001TCP\/UDP<\/span><\/h3>\n
    TCP\/UDP\u90fd\u662f\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    \u9762\u5411\u62a5\u6587<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9762\u5411\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4ea4\u7ed9UDP\u591a\u957f\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0cUDP\u5c31\u7167\u6837\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u82e5\u62a5\u6587\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u5219IP\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u82e5\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u4f1a\u662fIP\u592a\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548cTCP\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46TCP\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002TCP\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u592a\u957f\uff0cTCP\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5212\u5206\u77ed\u4e00\u4e9b\u518d\u4f20\u9001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u662fTCP\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    TCP\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528TCP\uff1f<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \u5f53\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u8d28\u91cf\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982HTTP\u3001HTTPS\u3001FTP\u7b49\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0cPOP\u3001SMTP\u7b49\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528UDP\uff1f<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \u5f53\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u8d28\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u901f\u5ea6\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u7684\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u4e03\u3001DNS<\/span><\/h3>\n
    DNS\uff08Domain Name System\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u4e92\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u8bb0\u4f4f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684IP\u6570\u4e32\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u3002DNS\u534f\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u5728UDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u53f753\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u516b\u3001TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u7ec8\u6b62<\/span><\/h3>\n

    1\u3001\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/span><\/h3>\n
    TCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u3002\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u5e76\u4ea4\u6362 TCP\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06SYN\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0cSequence Number\u4e3ax\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165SYN_SEND\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230SYN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684SYN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2aSYN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6eAcknowledgment Number\u4e3ax+1(Sequence Number+1)\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u8981\u53d1\u9001SYN\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06SYN\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0cSequence Number\u4e3ay\uff1b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff08\u5373SYN+ACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165SYN_RECV\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN+ACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06Acknowledgment Number\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ay+1\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001ACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u90fd\u8fdb\u5165ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1f<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7a81\u7136\u53c8\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff1aclient\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u70b9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6ede\u7559\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5ef6\u8bef\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5230\u8fbeserver\u3002\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46server\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fclient\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u5411client\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u8981server\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728client\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u776cserver\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411server\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46server\u5374\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85client\u53d1\u6765\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0cserver\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u767d\u767d\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cclient\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411server\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\u3002server\u7531\u4e8e\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053client\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
    2\u3001\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u8981\u65ad\u5f00TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u554a\u3002\u90a3\u5bf9\u4e8eTCP\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u201c\u56db\u6b21\u5206\u624b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/div><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5206\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a1\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6eSequence Number\uff0c\u5411\u4e3b\u673a2\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff1b\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a1\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a1\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a2\u4e86\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5206\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a2\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e3b\u673a1\u53d1\u9001\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u5411\u4e3b\u673a1\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0cAcknowledgment Number\u4e3aSequence Number\u52a01\uff1b\u4e3b\u673a1\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u4e3b\u673a2\u544a\u8bc9\u4e3b\u673a1\uff0c\u6211\u201c\u540c\u610f\u201d\u4f60\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b
    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5206\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a2\u5411\u4e3b\u673a1\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3b\u673a2\u8fdb\u5165LAST_ACK\u72b6\u6001\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5206\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a1\u6536\u5230\u4e3b\u673a2\u53d1\u9001\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u5411\u4e3b\u673a2\u53d1\u9001ACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3b\u673a1\u8fdb\u5165TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u4e3b\u673a2\u6536\u5230\u4e3b\u673a1\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a1\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5219\u8bc1\u660eServer\u7aef\u5df2\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u5206\u624b\uff1f<\/h4>\n
    TCP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002TCP\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a1\u53d1\u51faFIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a1\u544a\u8bc9\u4e3b\u673a2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e3b\u673a1\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u4e3b\u673a2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a2\u8fd4\u56deACK\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e3b\u673a1\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3b\u673a2\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u4e3b\u673a1\u7684\uff1b\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a2\u4e5f\u53d1\u9001\u4e86FIN\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a2\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4e3b\u673a1\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c31\u4f1a\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd9\u6b21TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u5f852MSL\uff1f<\/span><\/h5>\n
    MSL\uff1a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u6700\u5927\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u524d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u6700\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u4fdd\u8bc1TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u8fde\u63a5\u80fd\u591f\u53ef\u9760\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a1\u76f4\u63a5CLOSED\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u4e8eIP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7edc\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e3b\u673a2\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4e3b\u673a1\u6700\u540e\u56de\u590d\u7684ACK\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u673a2\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8d85\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001FIN\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a1\u5df2\u7ecfCLOSED\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0e\u91cd\u53d1\u7684FIN\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a1\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165CLOSED\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u6301TIME_WAIT\uff0c\u5f53\u518d\u6b21\u6536\u5230FIN\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u65b9\u6536\u5230ACK\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a1\u76f4\u63a5CLOSED\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u518d\u5411\u4e3b\u673a2\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u521a\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8001\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u8001\u8fde\u63a5\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u673a2\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8001\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u751f\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd8\u8981\u5728TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u5f852\u500dMSL\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u672c\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      \u4e5d\u3001TCP\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/h3>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u628a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5f97\u8fc7\u5feb\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u4e0d\u8981\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5229\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8bbeA\u5411B\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\uff0cB\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86A\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u662f rwnd = 400 \u201d(\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 rwnd \u8868\u793a receiver window) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cTCP\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e3a100\u5b57\u8282\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u8bbe\u4e3a1\u3002\u5927\u5199ACK\u8868\u793a\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u4f4dACK\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199ack\u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503cack\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/div><\/section>\n
      \u4ece\u56fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cB\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u7a97\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 rwnd = 300 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53c8\u51cf\u5230\u4e86 rwnd = 100 \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u51cf\u5230 rwnd = 0 \uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6682\u505c\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e3b\u673aB\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002B\u5411A\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ACK = 1 \uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728ACK=1\u65f6\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u5b57\u6bb5\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      TCP\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668(persistence timer)\u3002\u53ea\u8981TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u96f6\u7a97\u53e3\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u542f\u52a8\u6301\u7eed\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002\u82e5\u6301\u7eed\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u7a97\u53e3\u63a7\u6d4b\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff08\u643a1\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6301\u7eed\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      \u5341\u3001TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/h3>\n
      \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3 cwnd ( congestion window )\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u7b49\u4e8e\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u7f51\u7edc\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u518d\u589e\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5f53\u4e3b\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7acb\u5373\u6240\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d1f\u8377\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f \u5148\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3 cwnd \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5MSS\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6bcf\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u81f3\u591a\u4e00\u4e2aMSS\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u5927\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3 cwnd \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5206\u7ec4\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u901f\u7387\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/div><\/section>\n
      \u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u8f6e\u6b21\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3 cwnd \u5c31\u52a0\u500d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u8f6e\u6b21\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4RTT<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u201c\u4f20\u8f93\u8f6e\u6b21\u201d\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u628a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u90fd\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u53e6\uff0c\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u201c\u6162\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307cwnd\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5728TCP\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6ecwnd=1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53ea\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8bd5\u63a2\u4e00\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927cwnd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u5927\u5f15\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u95e8\u9650ssthresh\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u95e8\u9650ssthresh\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u5f53 cwnd < ssthresh \u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5f53 cwnd > ssthresh \u65f6\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\u800c\u6539\u7528\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5f53 cwnd = ssthresh \u65f6\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8ba9\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4RTT\u5c31\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u52a01\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u6309\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u7f13\u6162\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6bd4\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u7f13\u6162\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/div><\/section>\n
        \u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5224\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\uff08\u5176\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u628a\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u95e8\u9650ssthresh\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u51fa\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\u65f6\u7684\u53d1\u9001 \u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8e2\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u628a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3cwnd\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u751f \u62e5\u585e\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u65f6\u95f4\u628a\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u503c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/div><\/section>\n

        2\u3001\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/span><\/h3>\n

        \u5feb\u91cd\u4f20<\/span><\/h4>\n
        \u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6c42\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6bcf\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u5e8f\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff08\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ca\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fbe\u5bf9\u65b9\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u634e\u5e26\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/div><\/section>\n
        \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u4e86M1\u548cM2\u540e\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5047\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230M3\u4f46\u63a5\u7740\u6536\u5230\u4e86M4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4M4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aM4\u662f\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5931\u5e8f\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u6839\u636e \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u65f6\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9M2\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4f46\u6309\u7167\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5e94\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u5bf9M2\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ca\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5M3\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u63a5\u7740\u53d1\u9001\u4e86M5\u548cM6\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u51fa\u5bf9M2\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5171\u6536\u5230\u4e86 \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5bf9M2\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u8fde\u6536\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20\u5bf9\u65b9\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5M3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5 \u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85M3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u5230\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5c3d\u65e9\u91cd\u4f20\u672a\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ea620%\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        \u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/span><\/h4>\n
        \u4e0e\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u6536\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4e58\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c0f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u95e8\u9650ssthresh\u51cf\u534a\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
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